She won three gold medals in the 1960s but was the focus of speculation about her gender. She retired after pulling out of a track meet that would have required a sex...

She ran the challenging Pikes Peak Marathon in Colorado in 1959. For the next 50 years she had no idea that she had made sports history.On Aug. 7, 1959, Arlene Pieper completed...

A quadruple amputee, he was a relentless defender on the United States’ wheelchair rugby team, which won a gold medal at the 2008 Paralympics in Beijing.Nick Springer, who became a Paralympic gold...

He created a game of simulated baseball that was a precursor to today’s fantasy sports. As a professor, he devised a role-playing game to help students address societal problems.Bill Gamson, an eminent...

A machine that acted as an artificial lung kept her eligible for a transplant as she dealt with cystic fibrosis. She went on to compete again in marathons.Liesbeth Stoeffler’s doctors had a...